Automated IP address maintainer. Who will give IP address to a device and take it back when they do not renew the lease. Using DORA they obtain new IP address. But during renewal of lease it uses only RA
If the client is on one network and DHCP server is on other network, then the IP obtaining broadcast won't pass through the router, as router do not pass broadcast message. To solve this issue, DHCP relay introduced. Here, if the router receive any broadcaset message then it will forward it to the DHCP server. To setup this use ip helper address
command.
Private to public address. If you think of it, it does nothing by itself. Cause here multiple device can't access the internet at the same time.
Making NAT usable by changing the port. Our public ip address might be the same but as the port is different so multiple device can access the internet just by tweaking the port address
বাকিগুলার জন্য ক্লায়েন্ট কানেকশন রিকু দিচ্ছিলো, আর সেটার রিপ্লাই পাচ্ছিলো, বাট কেউ যদি বাইরে থেকে ক্লায়েন্টকে এক্সেস করতে চাই, ক্লায়েন্টের কোনো ধরনের রিকুয়েস্ট পাঠানো ছাড়াই, তখন ইউজ হয় পোর্ট ফরোয়ার্ডিং।
Basically it tells the router explicitly that, if you receive any request in this port, then transfer that to PC ASAP.